Anti-Leishmanial drug Pentostam induced histological changes to liver and kidney in male BALB/c wild mice

Abstract

leishmaniasis still a complex disease of (sub) tropical regions of the world caused by Leishmania spp. Antimonial pentostam is an antileishmaniasis drug which used medically and it is the primary drug employed against leishmaniasis in Libya. It has multiple acute and chronic adverse effects which can be minimized by using the lowest effective dose. This work aimed to investigate the histological changes in liver and kidney affected by different doses of the pentostam. Adult male of BALB/c wild mice were divided into four groups, 6 mice  each, and i.p. injected with 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, and 40mg/kg pentostam in addition to a control group. After 28 therapeutic days and finishing the histological procedure to examine the collected tissue specimens, the obtained results of the liver tissue ranged between demostrating cytoplasmic vacuoles, to hydropic degeneration, focal and hepatocytic necrosis, and lastlly irregular area of hepatocytes with condensed pyknotic nuclei (hepatocyte necrosis). The histological examination of kidney tissue ranged between demostrating mild cloudy swelling (reversible hydropic degeneration), to showed stromal aggregates of inflammatory cells (nephritis), and lastlly showed renal tubule casts and  necrosis. In conclusion, clear histological changes in liver and kidneys, had been seen in this study, which were dose dependent changes.